Global Warming Essay - 1351 Words

Global Warming The issue is extremely interesting, scary and a bit of a shock as to how much we have abused and taken advantage of this Earth. First of all, it is important to know that the greenhouse effect is not a bad thing in itself. In fact, this planet would be a life-less waste land without its natural greenhousing. There are a collection of gases called greenhouse gases, which are water vapor, carbine dioxide, ozone, methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbons (CFC). Without the natural greenhouse effect, the surface temperature of our planet would be an average of -18 °C (zero degrees F). The mixture of these gases have remained pretty much stable over the centuries and have kept us all living. But here we are in the†¦show more content†¦We have disturbed it. The human production of greenhouse gas producing chemicals is what is disturbing it. This production by humans of these particular gases linger in our atmosphere for many years and they burn up our protective ozone blanket faster than it can rebuild itself. Our ozone blocks out most of the killer radiation rays from our sun. Ozone is a molecule with just three Oxygen atoms. It is created when UV light reacts with oxygen gas, which has two Oxygen atoms. UV light also destroys ozone, so you need just the right mix of UV light and oxygen to get an ozone layer. For the last 450 million years, our ozone has been our sunscreen. Chemicals that we use in daily life produce ozone-eating atoms when they reach the stratosphere and are exposed to intense UV rays. Chemicals such as CFCs are too un-reactive to be removed and they rise slowly, taking 10-20 years to make the journey up to the stratosphere. Once there, the high UV rays breaks down the atoms into chlorine atoms which speeds up the breakdown of ozone (O3) into O2 and O. Each of these molecules last from 65-110 years and each one can convert up to 100,000 molecules of O3 to O2. These guys in turn, are the ozone terminators, and they are not even the only ones. Over Antarctica there is a gaping ozone hole measuring about three times of the U.S. in size. What has happened is during their sunless winter, winds blow steadily in a circular pattern over the earths poles, which creates huge swirlingShow MoreRelatedGlobal Warming And The Warming1544 Words   |  7 PagesGlobal warming has become a well conversed topic among scientists and peoples in the world today. There are extremists who do everything possible to stop contributing to the warming, but the average person does little to alleviate the issue and in many cases refuses to acknowledge that there is a problem at all. Dating back to millions of years ago, even before humanity was born, the world has always experienced one form or another of warming; so the warming seen today is not as bizarre as many mayRead MoreGlobal Warming And The Warming1353 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Warming With it being the presidential election season the talk of global warming, also known as climate change has come up in conversation more. But should it be associated with whether you are republican or democrat? Global warming should not be rather you â€Å"believe† in because it is a stated fact. The definition by Oxford Dictionary declares that global warming is a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth s atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect causedRead MoreThe Warming And Global Warming1442 Words   |  6 PagesThe Warming World Around Us The world is warming and we cannot deny it, the longer we deny the larger the problem it will become. Global warming is affecting the world economy, the overall health of the population, and most importantly the environment that surrounds us. Ignoring this problem will not just make it suddenly disappear; the world has to make an effort to stop it while it can still be maintained. Accepting the fact that it is happening is just the first step, the next step is takingRead MoreGlobal Warming1677 Words   |  7 PagesThrough the eyes of most scientists, global warming is seen as a very serious and severe threat. The actions taken by humans, such as industry and consumption of fossil fuels plus the increase in population and agriculture have played a big part in global warming. If something is not done soon the results could be very bad. By the middle of the twenty first century, there is evidence that the Earth will be warmer than it has been at any time in human history, and quite possibly since theRead MoreGlobal Warming1410 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal warming was first mentioned by ‘Svante August Arrhenius in 1896’, but in ‘1753, Joseph Black discovered carbon dioxide’ and in ‘1827, Jean-Batiste Fourier suggested that atmospheric effect kept the earth warmer than it would otherwise be’, (Direct.gov. n.d. A history of climate change). Since this time, reports, and study have be done with graphs to show the impact of global warming and what could happen to our planet. In 1979, the first conference was held this was called ‘International climateRead MoreGlobal Warming1245 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Warming The major threat of today’s world is global warming. Due to various reasons global warming turns out to be a serious issue in the last few years. Today people believe in global warming while this concept was not so much believed and people interpreted in some other meanings what was happening in the past. Global warming is amplification in the temperature of earth because of industrial pollution, fossil fuels, and agricultural practices caused by human being, other and natural gasRead Moreglobal warming1539 Words   |  7 Pagesof global climate over long periods of time. Climate model projections made by the US Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) show that, recently, global temperature has increased. This increase in temperature is referred to as global warming. One of the main causes of global warming is greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases are gases in the atmosphere that absorb solar radiation to keep the planet warm. These gases have increased, so more solar radiation is trapped inside raising global temperaturesRead MoreGlobal Warming1316 Words   |  6 PagesControversy over Global Warming One of the largest argued topics in our world today is over global warming. People argue that is real, and others argue that it is fake. The effects of global warming create a growing danger for the ecosystem we live in by damaging glaciers and weather patterns. Humans contribute to global warming yet non-believers will think otherwise. Global warming is the greatest challenge facing our planet. According to the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change) mostRead MoreGlobal Warming1050 Words   |  5 PagesTake a position: Global warming is a real problem. 1000 word Essay. Using persuasive technique Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of Earth’s surface. Since the late 1800’s, the global average temperature has increased about 0.7 to 1.4 degrees F (0.4 to 0.8degree C). Climate change is happening and its effects are real. However, the larger the change in climate, the more negative the consequences will become. Global warming will make life harder for mostRead MoreGlobal Warming1192 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Warming Essay Global warming is an important issue for humans to consider and science to figure out. Personally I don’t care very much about global warming and have never been active in green movements. The evidence presented in this class is very informative and useful when taking into account the numerous known and unknown causes and cures for global warming. However, my attitude towards global warming is unchanged. According to the Common Attitudes Toward Global Warming handout I think

The Effects Of Life Support Technology On Nursing Practice

The use of life support technology to achieve work of breathing in patients is referred to as mechanical ventilation. The author chose the topic of positive pressure mechanical ventilation to explore the indications of use, complications, and safety concerns in relation to nursing practice. Topics to be explored will include weaning protocols to reduce complications and patient suffering and ventilator-associated pneumonia due to prolonged intubation. Fundamental nursing interventions will be reviewed regarding ventilation and preventing complications. Patients who require advanced monitoring, treatment, and nursing care due to injury or disease are cared for in the intensive care unit (ICU). Approximately 50% of these patients need mechanical ventilation (Tingsvik, Johansson, Martensson, 2015). A ventilator is a machine that supports breathing if the patient is unable to do so. Some patients need ventilators for a short period of time, while others require prolonged ventilation, wh ich increases the risk of complications. Indications for mechanical ventilation arise when the patient cannot uphold spontaneous ventilation to sustain life, which include apnea, acute respiratory failure, severe hypoxia, coma, neuromuscular disease, and respiratory muscle fatigue. There are two types of mechanical ventilation. Negative pressure ventilation is non-invasive and doesn’t require an artificial airway (Lewis, et al, 2014). The negative pressure decreases intrathoracic pressures toShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding Nursing Practices: An Assignment1480 Words   |  6 PagesUnderstanding Nursing Understanding Nursing A: Von Bertalaniffy. (1969). General System Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications (Revised Edition). George Braziller Inc. 0807604534. Everett M. Rogers: (1997). Diffusion of Innovations Theory. HYPERLINK http://www.tcw.utwente.nl/theorieenoverzicht/Theory clusters/Communication and Information http://www.tcw.utwente.nl/theorieenoverzicht/Theory clusters/Communication and Information Technology B: Drack, Manfred. (2007). On the Making ofRead MoreUnderstanding the Science Rationale for the Best Course of Action in Nursing1715 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Nursing research is a major force in nursing and it has been judged as non-cumulative, which is neither helpful nor beneficial for Nursing Science (Kirkevold, 1997). Nursing research makes clear contributions to the development of evidence based nursing practice. Science is used in nursing when â€Å"scientists develop theories to describe, explain, predict, and control the world around us and test their theories with experiments. When we understand the scientific rationale for our actionsRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1330 Words   |  6 PagesMy Personal Philosophy of Nursing The purpose of this essay is to depict the personal philosophy of nursing and any future aspirations I have acquired in my first semester of nursing school. Before I can create my own philosophy of nursing, I must first understand and define what philosophy is and how it relates to nursing. According to  the Oxford Dictionary, philosophy is â€Å"the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline†Read MoreImproving Patient Care Is A Constant, Ongoing Process Of Trail And Error1211 Words   |  5 Pagesnurses, providing the best of care possible for the patient should always be the number one priority. â€Å"The aims of nursing actions (also nursing interventions) are to protect, promote, and optimize health; to prevent illness and injury; to alleviate suffering; and to advocate for individuals, families, communities, and populations† (American Nurses Association, 2010). Standards of pract ice set in place by governing bodies’ help to serve as guidelines for safe and effective care. But, these too areRead MoreThe Influence and Use of Technology in Nursing1429 Words   |  6 PagesModern technology and informatics rapidly expended into practically all aspects of our everyday life and have become virtually the â€Å"second skin† or the â€Å"second nature† for the present generations. Contemporary nursing practice must employ technological advances into everyday client-oriented nursing process with the ultimate goal of improving the quality and safety of holistic and humanistic client care. In this paper I will explore the role of nurses in the process of implementation of technology intoRead MoreEssay on Effectiveness of Scenario Based Simulation Training 1579 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction/Problem Statement Across the nation many nursing programs are facing clinical site shortages for their students. The hardest hit population is the license vocational nursing (LVN) students. Many hospitals are trending toward achieving â€Å"Magnet Status† for their institutions. Therefore, LVN students are no longer allowed to complete their clinical training in several hospitals. This action forces many nursing programs to seek alternative methods of clinical instruction. In yearsRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing Informatics1483 Words   |  6 Pagesclinical experience, and nursing practice during this time, which presents a complete picture of how I accomplished my Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) consequences and Nursing Informatics track competencies. This paper will pinpoint my personal philosophy of nursing informatics and give a concise summary of my professional achievements, competencies developed during program of studies, and goals for life-long learning as an inf ormatics nurse. 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The reason is that it is saving a cost of care, helping the shortage of nurses, reducing distances and travel time, keeping patients out of hospital and expending in coverage of healthcare to distance. The growthRead MoreKabola Theory1399 Words   |  6 PagesKolcaba’s Comfort Theory Katherine Kolcaba is the founder of the comfort theory in nursing. She was born in Cleveland, Ohio; where she has spent most of her life. In 1965 she became a graduate of St. Luke’s school of nursing obtaining a nursing diploma. After working for many years in the areas of medical surgical nursing, long-term care, and home care. She had a promotional offer that required an academic degree. After completing the required prerequisites she went to Case Western Reserve University

Case Study Bribery and Corruption in the Public Sector

Question: Describe about an essay "Bribery and corruption in the public sector, is endemic and unavoidable in all societies"? Answer: Introduction The word corruption is a multifaceted and a complex phenomenon. Its origination is rooted in bureaucratic and political institutions. Bribe on the other hand is one of the major components of Corruption. Both corruption and bribery is detrimental to the society and country as whole. The evolution of corruption acts like a hindrance to development of any country. Corruption enables a government to interfere in fields in which they are not needed and as a result the ability to implement policies in areas like environmental regulation, safety regulation, macroeconomic stabilization or other important issues, in which they are relevant is undermined and this proves to be bad for the country. Since corruption covers a wide range of human nature and actions, it is necessary to define corruption and its tool, bribery to understand its effect on the economy as a whole. The word corruption actually means utterly broken first used by Aristotle. In laymans language it means double-dealing or fraudulence exercised by those in power (it can be an elected politician or civil servant or any one in power). We would like to stick to a more clear and distinct definition of Corruption- the abuse of public office for private gain. Corruption in the public sector occurs when a private agent abuses the public official by bribing. Even if bribing is absent, then nepotism or patronage comes in the form of corruption. Corruption that includes bribery, extortion and embezzlement has different forms. Like, Petty Corruption, Grand Corruption, Systematic Corruption, Systematic corruption. Bribery can be defined as the act of influencing the actions of an official in the private agents favor by offering gift or money of dishonest nature. The Blacks Law Dictionary describes bribery as the offering, giving, soliciting or receiving of any valuable item that alters the behavior of the recipient in favor of the one who bribes. Bribery can be in the form of tips, valuable gifts, perk, discount, lucrative contract, donation, unethical promotion etc. For eg. a local train passenger can bribe the ticket checker for travelling without a ticket or an individual can bribe a public official to speed up the work that was pending for months. (Steinberg, 2001) Now that the idea about corruption and bribery found a clear vision in the essay, we now move forward to evaluate its impact on the public sector. Emergence of corruption bribery: To understand the idea of Corruption within government, we need to know what happens in this government and how corruption has link to this. Now, government/public sector is a system whose objective is to improve the lives of the citizens by utilizing the public funds and provide services in the field of administration, defence, public roads, bridges, infrastructures, primary schools, healthcare system without a thought of profit maximization. Now this very definition gives rise to what is called corruption. When the government officials are left with public funds to improve the lives of the common people, it is when the idea of fund laundering creeps into their minds. This gives rise to corruption. For example, a fund allotted to a municipality for the reconstruction of a dilapidated road is tactfully channelized by a government official into their personal accounts and thus money laundering. Bribery being the major tool of corruption evolves within the government sector where the officials may seek bribes for government contracts, government benefits like access to pension or unemployment relief, lower taxes, issuance of exclusive licenses, ignoring illegal activities such as drug dealing or to favor legal proceedings. The different forms of corruption and bribery puts forward a question, can corruption be eradicated in all societies. Answer lies in the concept of corruption being endemic. This means that corruption in the public sector is systematic in nature. Corruption thus, is in the hands of the public agents residing within the system. The paper on Corruption Techniques in public procurement with examples from Hungary dealt with the different techniques of corruption that were used for public procurement. A standard public procurement is said to be good and coordinated if transparency, fair competition and accountability complement each other. A series of interview with the public procurement practitioner revealed information about the corruption techniques and as casted by the Hungarian media includes defining unnecessary needs, tailoring eligibility criteria, using complex contract, selective information provision, unfair scoring and many more, tarnished the image of the public procurement scenario in Hungary. This paper concluded that more than 1500 court cases of Hungary involved the public procurement corruption. (Fazekas, TTth King, n.d.) This paper gave us a view that corruption within the public sector is endemic in nature and such occurrence is prevalent in most countries. Causes Of Corruption Need For A Reform The causes of corruption within the system comes from the concept of dysfunctional government where the public sector employee is discouraged to work productively because of certain factors that include low and diminishing civil service remunerations, deprivation of promotion and lack of other aspects of expansion in work. (Google Books, 2015) The need for a regulatory framework depends on the understanding of the adverse effect of corruption and bribery. Tanzi (1998) sums up the effects as Reduces investment, as a result growth gets reduced. Increases public investment because public projects are easier to manipulate and channelize funds. Declines tax revenue due to corrupt tax and customs administration. Reduces FDI Reduces the real allocation to public projects which deprives the citizen from raising their standard of living, A regression analysis by Mauro (1998) shows that countries with improved corruption index from 6 to 8 (0 is the most corrupt and 10 being the least) will showcase a 4 percentage point rise in its investment rate and a half percentage point increase in its annual rate of per capita GDP growth. Thus a regulatory framework is necessary to stop corruption hindering the path of development. (Iadb.org, 2015). A Regulatory Framework Corruption in the public sector is pervasive in nature and fighting it is a long term process. However proper implementation of anti corruption programme is required can help to reduce corruption. There is a growing awareness among most of the countries to check corruption by sound governance which plays a pivotal role. 15 OECD (Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development) members invited to exchange their view on tackling corruption, came to the conclusion that law enforcement, investigation and control measures are some of the corruption preventing mechanism(Oecd.org, 2015). In the US, the Department of Justice has galvanized its anti corruption committee. The US government strongly enforces its anti corruption legislative framework including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) which prohibits money laundering, abuse of office, extortion and bribery. The American Anti-Corruption Act depicts three outcomes: Elimination of Political Bribery Increase transparency and stop secret money Establishing citizen funded elections to enable each voter a voice. (Bryancave.com, 2015) The UK has put forward a more intense anti corruption act called the UK Bribery Act, 2010 which promises to strengthen the position of the UK on bribery and corruption and also looks into the aspect of global anti-bribery legislation. The Act includes: All bribery. No exception to facilitation payments. Corporate offense to fail to prevent bribery. Offense not only to offer but to accept bribe. With such promising role of the several anti corruption laws in the US and the UK, it will be possible to deal corruption globally and enhance growth and development in any economy.('The Bribery Act 2010', 2011). Conclusion: Corruption and bribery might seem to be endemic in and its effect cannot be overlooked. From the economics point of view, corruption may not affect the short run efficiency of it means only a transfer of economics rent from a private agent to a government employee. In the long run, in the presence of bribe the public official tend to change the pattern of their work which include speeding up work, accepting contracts put up for bid and also changes the method of awarding a contract. Politically viewing, the creation and allocation of rents by unfair means helps to catapult the political purposes by rewarding supporters, buying opponents, assembling funds for elections etc. This results in a barrier to capital accumulation and growth for the economy. (Martinez-Vazquez, Arze del Granado Boex, 2007) Countries are realizing their role to prevent corruption and bribery at an alarming rate. So the anti corruption programs must be implemented judiciously in all countries to help an economy grow. The pattern of corruption can be altered only by altering the structure of power accumulated in the hands of corrupted officials. This is possible by a better functioning of a sound government. (Johnston, 2010) Corruption in the public sector erupts within the system giving rise to several hindrances to the growth and development of the economy. Thus Corruption is unavoidable in all societies. And there is an urgent need to stop corruption and bribery, in order to make lives of the citizens easier. (Andersson Bergman, 2009) References: Andersson, S., Bergman, T. (2009). Controlling Corruption in the Public Sector. Scandinavian Political Studies, 32(1), 45-70. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9477.2008.00222.x Bryancave.com,. (2015). Bryan Cave | Services | Global Anti-Corruption/Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Team. Retrieved 4 February 2015, from https://www.bryancave.com/gact/ Fazekas, M., TTth, I., King, L. Corruption Manual for Beginners: 'Corruption Techniques' in Public Procurement with Examples from Hungary. SSRN Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2333354 Google Books, (2015). Public Sector Corruption an International Survey of Prevention Measures. Retrieved 4 February 2015, from https://books.google.co.in/books?id=3Km3s7ikN84Cprintsec=frontcoverdq=corruption+in+the+public+sectorhl=ensa=Xei=FtrRVMHPAdbz8gWe_YDABQredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=corruption%20in%20the%20public%20sectorf=false Iadb.org, (2015). The Fight Against Corruption: A World Bank Perspective. Retrieved 4 February 2015, from https://www.iadb.org/regions/re2/consultative _group/groups/transparency_workshop6.htm Johnston, M. (2010). Public sector corruption. London: SAGE. Martinez-Vazquez, J., Arze del Granado, J., Boex, J. (2007). Fighting corruption in the public sector. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Oecd.org,. (2015). Fighting corruption in the public sector - OECD. Retrieved 4 February 2015, from https://www.oecd.org/corruption/ethics/ Steinberg, F. (2001). Helping Countries Combat Corruption Progress at the World Bank since 1997.Habitat International, 25(4), 617-618. doi:10.1016/s0197-3975(00)00039-4 The Bribery Act 2010. (2011). Structural Survey, 29(1). doi:10.1108/ss.2011.11029aab.005

Mis Assignment free essay sample

The purpose of this assignment is to examine a case study on a private or public company and suggest suitable improvements to the current Business Information Systems used for their business processes supporting the findings with data analysis. The organisation that has been chosen to be analysed is HMV, it is part of HMV Retail Ltd formerly known as HMV Group PLC. Company Background HMV specialises in the sale of home entertainment goods mainly music, DVD and computer videogames, currently they have also ventured into portable technology with the sales of headphones and tablets (HMV, 1921). HMV stands for His Master’s Voice and has a recognisable logo of a dog and a trumpet. Sir Edward Elgar opened the first HMV in 1921; the flagship store is on Oxford Street it mainly sold goods from HMV at the beginning of its inception (HMV, 1921). However by the late 1950’s – early 60’s with the advent of rock and roll and new recording formats HMV began expanding its operations to other major cities of the UK (HMV, 1921). To keep in tune with the times, HMV invested heavily in purchasing thousands of titles by different artists for each of their stores. HMV came out as the top dog in music retail as they were meeting the high consumer demands and the change in home entertainment. HMV’s strategy to change its products based on changes in home entertainment continues to this day. It is one of UK’s specialist retailers in music, DVD and computer games. It has over 140 stores in the UK and has many stores in North America, Europe and Asia pacific (HMV, 1921). Presently HMV is facing tough competition from online retailers like Amazon who are able to offer lower prices owing to Amazon having lower staff cost, property cost, inventory cost and operating costs (Phelan, 2013). Operations, inputs and outputs of HMV The operations of HMV are supply management, stock management, customer relations, staff/personnel management, sales, advertising, international operations and joint ventures (HMV, 2013, pp. 8). Supply management operation is the procedure of buying and managing resources for the business needs and processes of an organisation (Business Dictionary, n. d. d). In the case of HMV it is the purchasing of inventory goods to be sold as products in their retail process and the management of said goods, staff, budget and information (HMV, 1921). Stock management operation is the supervision of the inventory of a business ensuring it meets consumer demands (Business Dictionary, n. d. c); in HMV’s case it is maintaining the stock levels of products to be sold. Customer relations operation is the way a company can build a rapport with their customer, manage the relations made and ensure the loyalty of the customer (Business Dictionary, n. d. a). HMV uses their purehmv incentive program to ensure the loyalty and return of customers (HMV, 1921). Personnel management operations is the recruiting and investing in employees in order o retain said employees and make them important to the business (Business Dictionary, n. d. c). For HMV this would be the hiring and development of staff within. International operations for HMV is the management and development of their international stores and profile, they have stores in North America and Asia pacific. Joint venture operations for HMV is the 50% investment in 7digital an online retailer of digital music (HMV, 2013, pp. 8). The sales operation for HMV is the way in which they sell and manage the sales of products. Advertising operations is how HMV manages and develops marketing of products. The inputs that HMV receives are: * Products: Music, Videogames, Films and TV, Tech * Staff * Customers * Profit/Money * Information The outputs of HMV that they receive after operations are: * sales they make from products * service they provide to customers * the purehmv incentive program * advertising * better qualified staff * Business Processes of HMV HMV has many business processes for each of their operations. For supply management the processes include shipping, re-ordering and notifying supplier. For stock management the processes are storage, measuring stock levels and ensuring quality of stock. The processes for customer relations are customer service, returns, refunds and technical support. Business processes for the personnel management operation are recruitment, selection, manpower planning, training and development. For sales operation the processes are order management, payment handling, delivery and counter service. The processes for advertising are advertising strategy, market research and medium strategy. For international operations all of the above fall under it including the processes. The business processes of the joint venture operations are purchasing music rights, managing investment and managing infrastructure. There are many more business processes for each operation only a few have been mentioned. Counter service within the sales operation is important for HMV as currently that is the only service they offer (HMV, 1921). This process involves the customer coming to the store, picking an item and taking it to the counter to be ringed up on the (Transaction Processing System) TPS. The TPS will ask for payment type, customer will pay in either cash or card. The TPS will record the purchase and print out a receipt for the customer. Also the business process called delivery which is part of the sales operation is a joint process with the counter service. Customers can come in to the store and make an order for a product at the counter. A member of staff will take the order and put it through the order processing system and TPS. The customer will be given a receipt from the TPS and an order number will be given to the customer and dispatched to the warehouse. A date and time will also be given to the customer to inform them when the delivery will be available to pick up form the store. Structured Decision making Structured Decision making is essential at operation levels in order for HMV Retail Ltd to find out which products are selling well and also to find out where to set targets for day to day retail activities, the table below can be used for this purpose. Semi-structured decision making Semi-structured decisions are on a short to medium term basis and are tactical decisions. The table below can be used by managers to make decisions regarding finance management, inventory control, sales targeting and supplier management. Unstructured decision making Unstructured decisions are used to focus on the long term and to forecast future trends within the organisation. These decisions are made by senior management such as the area manager or the head retail manager. They can use this information as a way of forecasting future profits as well as determining which of their products produced the most revenue. This chart can be used to identify the margins between costs of products purchased, the revenue generated from the sale of products and the total profit after cost has been deducted from revenue. This chart can be used to identify and compare the amount of stock sold, stock bought and the amount of stock left for each item category. Strategic radar plotting technique The strategic radar plotting technique can be used to identify an area in which HMV is doing well in and the area in which they are weak in. From the radar below HMV is doing well in 2 sales categories videogames and technology. These 2 are producing the most sales therefore they are the area in which HMV has much strength. The other 2 sales categories Music and Films amp; TV are producing the least amount of sales therefore the conclusion is these are the weak areas of HMV. Identifying the following areas will now allow HMV to develop new sales strategies in order to boost the weak areas and strengthen the areas in which they already have a strong presence. Goal setting analysis and what if analysis What if we want to make ? 1000 on this product rather than ? 780? How much stock needs to be sold in order to reach the amount? The what if analysis does the calculation and informs us that to gain ? 1000 for this product 50 must be sold.

Theory of constraints Essays - Technology, Phablets, Samsung Galaxy

Theory of constraints The Theory of Constraints is a methodology for identifying the most important limiting factor (i.e. constraint) that stands in the way of achieving a goal and then systematically improving that constraint until it is no longer the limiting factor. In manufacturing, the constraint is often referred to as a bottleneck. The core concept of the Theory of Constraints is that every process has a single constraint and that total process throughput can only be improved when the constraint is improved. A very important corollary to this is that spending time optimizing non-constraints will not provide significant benefits; only improvements to the constraint will further the goal (achieving more profit). Five step process Problem situation: Samsung Note 7 Battery Explosions, Turns Crisis into Opportunity The core of the situation is that Samsung faced a serious issue with Galaxy Note 7 phones that have a high propensity of batteries failing and in many cases catching on fire, leading to personal and property damage. In a report, the company detailed flaws in battery design and manufacturing that it believescaused the crisis. It affects the utilization of the phones. All the inventory and operating expenses turn into loss for the company. To regain trust, Samsung had to identify the root cause of the issues with the Galaxy Note 7 and apply these learning to future product designs. Galaxy Note 7 phones have a problem of batteries failing or catching on fire, leading to personal and property damage. Samsung builds a test lab to findthe root cause of the Note 7's issues. They tested around 200,000 devices and 30,000 batteries in an attempt to replicate the cause of fires in the phones. Batteries from two different manufacturers had flaws. The principal root cause of the first manufacturer's battery problem (Battery A) was negative electrode deflections. The second manufacturer's product (Battery B), suffered from abnormal ultrasonic welding burrs.While the principal cause was different in each type of the battery, the result was the same. A small subset of batteries could overheat and potentially catch fire. It's clear that the smart phone industry's desire for ever thinner phones with longer battery life have strained battery manufacturing processes. After that old Note 7s being replaced by hundreds of thousands of new "safe" models. The safe models or updated models of Note 7's were updated to ONLY charge to 60% of its capacity. This in turn, keeps the devices from "supposedly" overheating. The test lab tested the whole device, including areas such as the role of wired and wireless charging as well as fast and normal charging. It also tested the water resistance, with and without the back cover. Samsung tested other device features such as the USB-C charger and Iris scanner.It evaluated the software and algorithms tied to wireless charging. It even evaluated how third party applications were impacting the phone. Additionally, it worked with three independent third party test labs - UL, Exponent, and TUVRheinland - to assess issues across software, hardware, manufacturing, logistics and handling. The finding from Samsung tests and the independent labs revealed the same results. As the updated models of Note 7's were updated to ONLY charge to 60% of its capacity and this prevents the battery from overheating. But the problem is still not fully eradicated. Hence Samsung creates battery advisory group and designs an 8-point battery safety system to avoid further damages. It has implemented a multi-layer safety measures protocol at the product planning and a new 8-point battery safety system. This system includes: Durability Test -Conducting additional durability tests, including battery nailing, stress testing with extreme temperatures and overcharging tests. Visual Inspection- Visually checking the battery to compare it with samples confirmed to be in accordance with standardized criteria. X-Ray Test- Running X-ray tests to inspect any possible battery issue such as a deflection of the electrode, which we found to be one of causes of the Note7 issue. Disassembling Test- Disassembling the battery cell to perform a detailed check of the overall quality, including the battery tab welding and insulation tape conditions, which we found to be an issue with Note7. TVOC Test- Performing a sensing test to detect leakage at the battery component and complete device levels. OCV Test- Inspecting the battery condition by

Writing Your Essay on Current Issues

Writing Your Essay on Current IssuesReading through the latest essay samples can be difficult especially if you do not know what the questions or topics are on the essay. Fortunately, when you have an answer key, this will make it much easier to decide which questions and answers to include in your own essay.First of all, let's define 'current issues' before we discuss the question and answer. The questions and answers are typically about current events that have occurred within the last two weeks. In addition, they usually focus on current events as well as the current trends. Therefore, the questions and answers in your essay will focus on the current issues that affect the world today.There are a lot of current issues that have resulted in some controversy. One of the most controversial issues is the war in Iraq. There are many students who feel that the US is at war with Iraq because of the oil fields that the country has in the Gulf of Mexico. These students feel that the oil sh ould belong to the United States as the US has a right to control the environment in the area.Another example of current issues is the battle between human rights and environmental protection. Both sides of the debate may have different views on the subjects. Some feel that the war on drugs is an issue that the United States should be looking into, while others feel that the drug issue is not a major concern. Some students feel that the United States needs to respect the decision of people in other countries about what they feel is best for them.These and many other examples will lead you to create an original essay that is based on current issues and events. You must be very clear with your topic and writing style before you begin writing your essay. You should know what the questions and answers will be before you start writing your essay. Once you have a topic statement, you can write your essay on the topics that you feel are appropriate.There are many different ways to create a n original essay on these topics. Some students choose to use dictionaries or encyclopedias to research information for their essays. Others choose to use maps, graphs, or charts to illustrate the current issues.Other students choose to take short sections of a longer essay and use those sections to answer the questions and to add new information to the original essay. It is up to you and your own personal style to decide how to answer the questions and to provide the information that you feel will be needed by the audience.Writing your essay on current issues is fun and exciting. But, it can also be frustrating and discouraging if you do not know what the questions and answers are going to be. Whether you want to take your class by storm or just to be a good writer, make sure that you are prepared before you start writing.

10 Mystery Writing Tips to Keep Your Readers in Suspense

10 Mystery Writing Tips to Keep Your Readers in Suspense From Agatha Christie to Parker Bilal, the best mystery writers know how to keep readers in suspense until the very end of the novel. If you are looking to write a bestselling mystery novel, here are 10 mystery writing tips to help you do the same:1. Start off with a bangWhether it is a corpse or a missing person, starting your mystery novel with a major crime is the best way to keep your readers in suspense. The first few chapters of your mystery should briefly introduce the protagonist while focusing on the crime that has taken place.The two most important scenes of a mystery novel are the scene of the crime and the one in which the perpetrator is revealed. Beginning your novel with the scene of the crime is a great way to engage your reader immediately and reveal the level of depravity or horror that the protagonist must confront throughout the rest of the book.2. Be creative with dyingIf your mystery begins with a corpse, make it a creative death. Dont just have your killer stab a victim- let the stabbing pattern be a word or a symbol. If your victim is poisoned, consider a poison that is hard to find or impossible to detect. If the victim was buried alive, have an odd array of objects buried with them that offers trails of suspicion that the protagonist must then follow.When the corpse is killed creatively, several things happen. First, not only do readers want to know who did it and why- they also want to know why it was done in that way. Creative deaths also provide clues to the killer and establishes greater character depth for your antagonist, particularly his or her intellectual level and motivation behind the killing.3. Do your research on crime proceduralsHowever you choose to begin your mystery- whether with a corpse or a kidnapping- be sure that you do your research on crime procedurals. The details you include when you describe these important opening moments of your mystery will set the tone for how believable your story is and how engrossing it is for your audience.Law enforcement handles crimes differently, depending on location and details of the crime. If you are writing an opening scene in which a small-town cop discovers a body, be sure that youve researched who will get involved at the crime scene besides the cop. Will there be other detectives who show up? Who takes the body in for an autopsy and where is this autopsy done? Do other government law enforcement agencies (like the FBI) get involved? The more realism you use to stage the finding of the corpse (or the moments after a kidnapping has taken place), the more likely you are to keep your audience turning pages.Photo by David von Diemar on Unsplash4. Give your main character a life outside of the crime/mysteryYou want your reader to feel empathy toward the main character as he or she is put in harms way to find out who the killer or kidnapper is. The more empathy your reader feels toward your protagonist, the more invested theyll be in what happens to that char acter as the plot progresses.This is the reason you need to show the life your main character has outside of the mystery. Whether its their family life with their kids, or a romantic interaction with a love interest- showing the protagonists life makes him or her seem real. It gives the character depth and allows you to use those relationships that happen outside of the mystery to add to the tension. For example, if the killer hunts down women and your protagonist is a man, his concern for his female significant other could play into the story and give him increased motivation to find the antagonist. Or if the protagonist has a family and children, the antagonist could threaten them, which serves to ramp up the tension and motivate the protagonist to solve the mystery quickly.5. Your setting should be more than just a settingIf youve ever read a novel about a haunted house, then you understand the importance of setting in a mystery. In fact, choosing a setting for your story is one of the most important choices you will make in planning your novel, as it can either add to the tension or distract from it.For example, a dark, tightly enclosed space can increase the fear your protagonist feels when hunting for the killer. Alleyways where someone can hide behind doors or trash bins, dark forests where no one can hear your characters scream, or naturally spooky locations like funeral homes or mortuaries are settings that help to ramp up the tension and feeling of foreboding that makes mysteries such exciting reads. Particularly if your mystery is a haunted house story, hidden rooms, cobweb-filled attic spaces, and basements where family secrets have been buried are great settings for maintaining tension in your story.6. Build tension with cliffhanger chapter endingsThink back to a book youve read that was nearly impossible to put down. This ability to thoroughly captivate readers is the mark of a great mystery writer and a goal you should aspire to as you write you r novel. While there are multiple methods to create this kind of story, ending each chapter with a cliffhanger is a great way to keep your plot moving forward and the tension heightened.There are multiple ways to create cliffhanger chapter endings. It could be someone opening a door and the reader needs to start the next chapter to find out who it is. It could be one of the main characters seeing something that makes them immediately afraid but the reader needs to start the next chapter to find out what it is that they saw. Or maybe its a scream in the distance that the main character hears but the reader needs to start the next chapter to find out who it is thats screaming.7. Know the end before you start writingAs with other genres, and especially for mystery, you should have your plot worked out before beginning the first chapter. This means that you should know who committed the crime, how they did it, why they did it, and how they eventually get caught. If you know these detail s before you begin writing, youll be able to scatter clues throughout the story to lead up to the big reveal.8. Make all suspects liarsAs with any great mystery novel, yours should have multiple suspects who could be guilty of the crime. Determining which of the suspects is guilty is part of the reason readers will want to keep turning pages, and there should be moments within your story that make each suspect seem like he or she is the guilty one.The easiest way to do this is to ensure that all of your suspects are liars (to some extent). Have them lie about their whereabouts- where they were last night, who they were with, and why they were there- to make them seem unreliable. Obviously, the guilty suspect will be a liar to cover up his or her crime, so having all your suspects lie helps keep the tension taut as your detective tries to sift through the untruths to find the truth.Photo by Aaron Mello on Unsplash9. Throw your detective (and reader) off track with incorrect suspicion Part of the thrill of reading a mystery is the guesswork involved with determining who did it, and why. Playing with this thrill is a great way to keep your readers invested in the story. Allow your protagonist to believe he or she has solved the crime, only to later find out it isnt solved at all. In most cases, this is best done with the most likely of suspects- the one readers believe is the culprit before the real killer is discovered. Playing with the emotions of your readers in this way maintains an element of unpredictability and tension mystery readers love to experience.10. Scatter clues (as well as red herrings) throughout the bookLeaving clues throughout the story keeps your reader guessing, and following them is part of the fun of reading a mystery, but its important to not reveal too much, too soon. In fact, the best mysteries are the ones that surprise the reader and end with a killer who seemed least likely to commit the crime.Your protagonist should follow clues to f ind the killer and some of these clues should be red herrings. In order to maintain the shock value of an unlikely suspect, some of your clues should point to other potential suspects and lead the protagonist away from the trail of the one who is guilty. This distraction increases the tension in the plot and allows you to end with an ah-ha moment that completely catches the protagonist (and reader) by surprise.